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刑事审判角色与诉讼模式冲突的反思/王方顺

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刑事审判角色与诉讼模式冲突的反思

王方顺


内容摘要:本文从刑事诉讼的目的,论述了刑事审判角色的正确定位,反思了我国刑事审判角色与诉讼模式的冲突,阐明了解决冲突的几个具体构想。
关键词:刑事审判角色、诉讼模式、冲突、反思

一、刑事审判的角色定位
刑事审判目的是一个国家刑事诉讼制度的关键,决定一系列的诉讼原则和具体规定。不同国家和一个国家在不同社会时期,由于价值取向或选择上有不同的原则和侧重点,从而形成了不同的刑事诉讼目标模式。我国1979年刑诉法将准确及时查明案件事实真相、惩罚犯罪分子作为公安、司法机关所要致力完成的任务,惩罚犯罪分子、保障刑法的及时实施目标得到强调,而保护被告人的诉讼权利,维护刑事诉讼的公正程序等目标受到忽略。修订后的刑诉法明确规定,未经人民法院依法判决,对任何人都不得确定有罪,确立了疑罪从无、无罪推定等一系列新原则,实现了刑事诉讼模式从“纠问式”到“控辩式”的重大转变。在人民法院依法对被告人作出有罪判决并生效前,被告人在法律上不应被视为有罪。新刑诉法的实施,标志着我国刑事诉讼从重打击轻保护,开始转向刑事诉讼首先通过公正的程序实现程序正义,进而实现实体正义的刑事诉讼新阶段。
“控辩式”刑事诉讼模式的确立,确定了人民法院和法官在刑事审判中的“中立性”裁判地位。但是,我国社会公众心理和具体的刑事诉讼模式,并没有及时根据“控辩式”刑事审判模式作出相应的调整。我国刑事审判角色与诉讼模式产生严重冲突,极大影响到法律的正确实施。
二、刑事审判角色与诉讼模式的冲突
(一)“流水作业式”刑事诉讼使审判难免迎合社会心理需求
我国刑事诉讼中的侦查、起诉、审判,是前后紧密衔接、互不隶属的三个独立阶段,整个刑事诉讼构造是一种“流水作业式”。侦查、起诉和审判机关在三个不同的诉讼阶段,就象车间的三个操作员,各自在流水线上进行着不同的操作。这种模式最大的弊端,就是各种社会压力最后聚集于审判机关,难免审判机关为了迎合社会公众心理需求而作出判决。
当发生一件刑事案件后,如果没有发现行为人,或者发现后因证据不足还没有抓获行为人,人们可以理解和接受。但当公诉机关向法院提起指控后,人们期待着诉讼的正常进行,社会公众心理习惯于定罪判刑是前期刑事诉讼的必然结果。同时,由于审判结果是审判前侦查、起诉工作的最后认定,侦查、起诉机关也希望自己的工作得到审判认可。在我国刑事诉讼法律规定和实践操作中,过于注重各机关的相互配合,致使审判承受着其他刑事诉讼参与机关和社会公众心理需求的双重压力,有时审判机关为了迎合这种需求,而降低审判标准。
(二)事实认定的逆向性导致审判思维的惯向性
在刑事诉讼中,审判思维方式与侦查、起诉思维方式应存在巨大差别。一件刑事案件发生后,犯罪事实已经客观存在,侦查机关的职责是针对已经存在的事实,通过刑事侦查方式和手段,去搜集证据、抓获嫌疑人。由于客观事实的不可逆转性,查清全部犯罪事实只能是永远难以实现的理想,侦查的思维模式是首先假设推定成立,然后证实或排除假设,思维模式是首先存在结果。起诉机关的职责是在侦查的基础上,对被告人提起指控,其指控职能决定了公诉机关的思维模式是希望自己的指控能够成立,得到审判机关的认可。
审判的基本要求是排除一切合理性怀疑,审判的中立性要求审判不应受外界干涉,在审查判断证据的基础上,独立得出事实认定,从而进行定罪处罚。但是,实践中的刑事诉讼模式是,公诉机关向法院提交带有详细犯罪事实的起诉书,指控被告人的行为构成某罪,要求根据那一条法律定罪处罚。审判机关只是根据公诉机关的指控和要求,通过开庭审查判断指控是否有相应的证据证明,证据能否达到确实充分。这种诉讼模式使审判机关先得到基本的犯罪事实,形成了犯罪事实认定思维的逆向性。这种先有结果的审判模式,因思维的惯性,容易导致审判人员的先入为主,形成审判人员对被告人确实有指控犯罪行为的初步认识。这种诉讼模式最大的弊端,是形成审判走过场和审判对指控证据审查不严,降低审判标准。
(三)控辩双方的势利差异使审判中立发生倾斜
在控辩式刑事审判模式中,控辩双方地位在法律上应是平等的,但是在审判实践中,公诉机关代表国家提起公诉的诉讼职能过于得到强调和重视,处于与控方对立地位的辩方,明显处于弱势。在刑事诉讼中,被告人大多数被羁押,人身自由受到严格的约束,其自行辩护权只能停留在口头上,被告人自己根本不能去寻找对自己有利的证据。侦查、公诉机关有国家作坚强后盾,拥有强大的刑事侦查权,而辩护律师进行调查有些得经过有关机关的批准,还得被调查人的同意,被告人和辩护人的地位根本不能形成与控方相抗衡的局面。同时,特殊的管制环境,使被告人自己也形成自我认为有罪的心理意识,在审判时根本不敢与公诉人真正进行辩论。控辩双方地位的巨大差异性,导致本应保持中立的审判发生倾斜,明显地倾向于公诉方。
(四)控监不分导致审判机关担负双重角色并容易发生混乱
检察机关代表国家向法院对被告人提出指控,在审判中检察机关承担公诉的角色,指控能够成立是其根本的追求。在刑事审判中,检察机关希望其指控能够全部得到法院的认可,检察机关还是法定的法律监督机关,对刑事审判进行法律监督。这种控诉权、监督权都集于检察机关的诉讼模式,导致法院在检察机关面前承受双重角色的压力,不但对公诉机关的指控进行审理,还得接受公诉机关的监督。强有力的监督权,容易导致监督者意识上的控制欲和被监督者的迎合心。审判机关怕自己的工作有疏漏被检察机关抓着,因而在审判时难免存有潜在的屈从意识。法院在检察机关面前的双重角色,在审判中容易发生混乱并错位,其结果是形成审判与公诉达成默契,形成事实上的统一战线,在审判中法院降低对指控证据的严格要求,从而影响审判的中立性和公正性。
(五)审判对象的错误认识导致对被告人权利和地位的忽略
在“控辩式”刑事审判方式中,被告人是一方独立的诉讼参与人,享有众多的诉讼权利。刑诉法明确规定,对一切案件的判处都要重证据,只有被告人供述,没有其他证据的,不能认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚;没有被告人供述,证据充分确实的,可以认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚。审判的任务是对公诉机关提交的指控证据进行审查判断,因此,审判的客体应是证据,并不是被告人。在审判实践中,错误地认为被告人是审判的对象,是当然的犯罪承担者,其表现是经常出现不但公诉人还有审判人员对被告人进行严厉讯问和训斥的情境。在刑事诉讼中,被告人的地位得不到认可,应有的权利受到忽略。
(六)对事实的错误追求导致审判角色的变异
事实存在客观事实和法律事实之分,客观事实是侦查、起诉机关所追求的,刑事审判的任务是对公诉机关提交的证据进行分析判断,在证据的基础上认定事实,刑事审判的角色决定审判所要追求的是法律事实。在刑事审判中,只可能出现对证据认定的错误和根据证据得出事实的错误,不可能出现事实不清的情况,因为查清事实是侦查、起诉机关的责任。刑事审判的要求是排除合理性怀疑,当公诉机关提交证据不能充分确凿证明所指控犯罪事实时,要求审判机关承担查清案情的责任,致使审判机关为了查清事实,有时也去进行调查。这种要求审判机关对客观事实追求的错误性,导致审判角色的变异,承担起侦查、指控的职能,完全脱离了中立裁判地位。
刑事审判实践中,上级法院以“事实不清,发回重审”的做法,是一种典型的追求客观事实的结果。根据公诉机关提交的证据,一审法院得出的事实是法律事实,也有可能与客观事实不符,但责任的承担者不应是审判者,审判应承担的唯一责任是是否依法审判,是否根据证据认定事实。
三、解决冲突的改革构想
(一)重新审视控辩审的地位和关系
法院代表国家进行审判,公诉机关代表国家提起公诉,二者均是代表国家,是为了社会公众利益。在刑事审判中,辩方处于什么样的地位,代表何人的利益?对此问题的认识,是解决刑事审判角色与诉讼模式冲突的关键。立法确立了“控辩式”刑事审判模式,审判机关在审判中应保持中立,之所以出现实践中的冲突,原因就是不能正确认识在刑事审判中控辩审三者的地位和关系。辩护人进行辩护和被告人进行辩解,从表面看是为了被告人的个体利益,如果深入思考,就会发现这种辩护是通过保护被告人个体的利益,使法律得到正确实施,从而实现保护社会公众利益的目的。笔者认为,在刑事审判中控辩审三方地位是平等,共同责任是为了保障法律的正确实施,都是为了社会公共利益,三者只是在诉讼中所处位置和所起作用不同而已,
(二)建立以审判为中心的诉讼模式
“流水作业式”刑事诉讼,表面看是公安、司法机关各司其职、各负其责,是公正的诉讼程序,但实际存在严重弊端,前面已经论述。笔者认为,应尽快建立以审判为中心的刑事诉讼体制,加大审判对侦查、起诉的监督控制。无论在侦查还是起诉阶段,有关行为人人身权、财产权等实体权利的剥夺或限制决定权,统一由审判机关享有,如果需要实施这些强制措施,事先须向法院申请。严防审判前的非审判机关对行为人实体权利进行预支、甚至过多地透支。审判实践中,经常出现被告人在审判前被羁押的时间大于根据其行为应判处刑罚期限的情况,最后解决的办法是迫使法院对被告人判处较重的刑罚。只有建立起以审判为中心的诉讼模式,才能将未经人民法院依法判决,对任何人都不得确定有罪的规定落到实处。
(三)设立独立的“准司法”监督制约机构
检察机关在刑事诉讼中担负着提起公诉的重要职责,指控成立是检察机关的根本追求,如果再行使对审判的监督,则使检察机关陷入角色混乱状态。对审判的监督,也包含对是否依法保护被告人合法权利的监督。在刑事诉讼中,检察机关的指控需求,明显超越于其对被告人权利的保护需求,从而使这种监督变异为监督审判机关与自己站在一起共同严厉打击犯罪。为使各刑事诉讼参与机关真正能够各司其职,笔者认为,应设立独立于公安、司法机关外的新机构,其地位界于行政机关与司法机关之间,是一个“准司法”机构。该机关与公安、司法机关之间不存在管理、领导、指导关系,其工作职责是要求并监督公安、司法机关严格执行法律,对有关的违法诉讼进行查出,但对其他具体的刑事案件处理不能参与。
(四)取消公诉机关向法院提交带有指控事实起诉书的做法
公诉机关在审判前向法院提交带有指控内容的起诉书,容易造成审判的先入为主。有时公诉机关所提交的证据能够证明的犯罪事实,而公诉机关没有指控,最后法院予以判决,造成没有指控而进行审判的错误;如果只对指控审判,也容易漏判犯罪事实,放纵犯罪。解决矛盾的最好途径,是取消公诉机关向法院提交带有详细指控犯罪事实起诉书的做法,公诉机关只向法院指控某人有罪,具体触犯那一条法律,构成何罪,有什么样的犯罪事实不予说明。法院根据提交的指控证据,独立认定犯罪事实,进行定罪处罚。笔者认为,这是防止审判走过场,避免没有审判而有事实结果的有效途径。

(作者单位 :山东省垦利县人民法院
邮编:257500 电话:0546-2568129)


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Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration

Commissioner of SFDA


Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration



(SFDA Decree No. 21)

The Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration, adopted at the executive meeting of the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) on November 18, 2005, is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


Shao Mingli
Commissioner of SFDA
November 18, 2005





Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and
Drug Administration


Chapter 1 General Provisions

Article 1 This Procedure is formulated for the purpose of effective prevention, timely control and elimination of the hazards of public health emergencies to ensure the health and safety of the public in accordance with the Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Regulations for Implementation of the Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on Preparedness for and Response to Emergent Public Health Hazards, and other relevant laws and regulations.

Article 2 The special review and approval procedure for drug registration refers to the procedure and requirements of the State Food and Drug Administration to carry out special review and approval of drugs for handling public heath emergencies under the principle of unified leadership, early involvement, expeditiousness and efficiency, and scientific review and approval, in an effort to approve drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies as soon as possible under the threat or after the occurrence of public heath emergencies.

Article 3 The State Food and Drug Administration may, according to law, decide to follow the Procedure to conduct special review and approval of drugs for public health emergencies in any of the following circumstances:
(1) Where the President of the People’s Republic of China declares a state of emergency or the State Council decides that certain areas within a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government are in a state of emergency;
(2) Where the contingency program for public health emergencies is initiated according to law;
(3) Where the drug reserve department or the health administrative department of the State Council proposes a special review and approval for drugs having existing national drug standard;
(4) Other circumstances applicable to special review and approval.

Article 4 The State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the review and approval of clinical trials, production and importation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, upon entrustment of the State Food and Drug Administration, be responsible for on-site inspection and sampling of the pilot products of the drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies.


Chapter 2 Application Acceptance and On-site Inspection

Article 5 Where the special review and approval procedure for drug registration is initiated, the State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the acceptance of registration applications for drugs for public health emergencies.

Where a drug or a preventive biological product for public health emergencies has not been marketed in China, the applicant shall, before submission of the registration application, provide the State Food and Drug Administration with relevant research and development information.

Article 6 The applicant shall submit a registration application with relevant technical dossier to the State Food and Drug Administration according to the relevant provisions and requirements on administration of drug registration.

The registration application for drug for public health emergencies may be submitted in electronic form.

Article 7 Before submitting an application for registration, the applicant may provide a feasibility assessment application with general information and relevant explanations. The State Food and Drug Administration shall only comment on the scientific rationality and feasibility of the drug project, and respond within 24 hours.

The response to a feasibility assessment application shall be neither deemed as the review and approval opinion nor legally binding on the review and approval result of a registration application.

Article 8 The State Food and Drug Administration shall organize an expert group to evaluate and review the registration application for drug for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies, make a decision within 24 hours on whether or not to accept the application, and notify the applicant.

Article 9 Where a registration application is accepted, the State Food and Drug Administration shall organize technical review of submitted dossier within 24 hours and at the same time notify the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to conduct an on-site inspection on drug research and development conditions, and organize sampling and testing of pilot products.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within five days, submit the on-site inspection result and relevant opinion to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 10 The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall organize staff from the departments of drug registration, drug safety and inspection, etc. to participate in the on-site inspection.

The National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products shall be notified to send staff to participate in the on-site inspection and sampling of preventive biological products.

Article 11 For drugs that have existing national standards for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies, the State Food and Drug Administration may directly review and approve the drug in accordance with the relevant provisions in Chapter 6 of the Procedure when it deems there is no need for a clinical trial in accordance with law.

Article 12 With respect to the registration application for a specific vaccine, where only the original virus strain used in the manufacturing is changed while the manufacturing processes or quality specifications are maintained, the State Food and Drug Administration shall make a decision on whether or not to grant the approval within three days after verifying the changed strain used in the manufacturing.


Chapter 3 Testing for Registration

Article 13 After receiving the samples taken by the (food and) drug regulatory department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, the drug testing institution shall immediately organize verification of specifications and laboratory testing on the samples.

The drug testing institution shall complete the testing within the time frame for the drug being applied.

Article 14 For a drug applied first time for marketing, the State Food and Drug Administration may, when necessary, make early involvement by appointing the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products to communicate with the applicant prior to testing for registration so as to timely resolve technical problems which may arise in the process of quality specifications verification and laboratory testing.

With respect to preventive biological products used to prevent and control the epidemic of serious infectious diseases, the State Food and Drug Administration may, depending on the situation, allow the testing for registration and the manufacturer’s self-testing to be performed in parallel.

Article 15 After completion of the specifications verification and laboratory testing on a drug, the drug testing institution shall, within two days, issue its verification opinion and submit it along with the drug test report to the State Food and Drug Administration.


Chapter 4 Technical Review

Article 16 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, within 15 days after acceptance of the registration application for drug for the prevention and treatment in public health emergencies, complete the first round of technical review.

Article 17 Where the State Food and Drug Administration considers that additional data are needed, it shall immediately inform the applicant of the content and timeline.

Where the applicant submits the supplementary data within the specified timeline, the State Food and Drug Administration shall complete the technical review within three days, or, depending on the situations, organize another review meeting within five days, and then complete the review report within two days.


Chapter 5 Clinical Trial

Article 18 Where the technical review is completed, the State Food and Drug Administration shall, within three days, complete the administrative examination, make a decision and inform the applicant.

Where the State Food and Drug Administration decides to approve a clinical trial, it shall issue a Drug Clinical Trial Approval. Where it decides not to approve, it shall issue a Disapproval Notice with reasons.

Article 19 Where an applicant obtains a clinical trial approval, it shall conduct the trial strictly following the relevant requirements in the approval document, and comply with the Good Clinical Practice.

Article 20 Drug clinical trials shall be conducted in institutions legally certified for drug clinical trials. If a clinical trial has to be conducted by an institution not yet certified, a special approval by the State Food and Drug Administration should be obtained.

The application for a clinical trial conducted by an institution not yet certified for drug clinical trials may be submitted along with the application for drug registration.

Article 21 The investigator responsible for a drug clinical trial shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, timely report adverse events occurred in the process of the clinical trial to the State Food and Drug Administration. If no adverse event occurs, the investigator shall collect relevant information and report to the State Food and Drug Administration monthly.

Article 22 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, in accordance with law, supervise and inspect the clinical trials of drugs for public health emergencies.


Chapter 6 Review, Approval and Monitoring of Drug Production

Article 23 The applicant shall, after completion of the drug clinical trials, submit the relevant data to the State Food and Drug Administration in accordance with the Provisions for Drug Registration.

Article 24 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, within 24 hours after receiving data submitted by the applicant, organize technical review, and at the same time notify the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to conduct the on-site inspection on the drug manufacturing conditions, and organize the sampling and testing of pilot products.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within five days, submit the result and opinion of the on-site inspection to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 25 Any newly-established drug manufacturer or manufacturer with newly-built manufacturing workshops or newly-added dosage forms for production may apply to the State Food and Drug Administration for a certificate of the Good Manufacturing Practice along with the application for drug registration. The State Food and Drug Administration shall, when conducting the drug registration review, immediately carry out an inspection on the Good Manufacturing Practice certification.

Article 26 The drug testing institution shall, after receiving the samples of three batches taken by the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, immediately arrange the testing.

Upon completion of testing, the drug testing institution shall, within two days, complete the test report and submit it to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 27 The State Food and Drug Administration shall carry out technical review in accordance with Chapter 4 of the Procedure, and shall, within three days after the completion of the technical review, complete the administrative examination, make a decision and inform the applicant.
Where the State Food and Drug Administration decides to approve the drug, it shall issue the Letter of Approval for Drug Registration, and may grant an approval number for the drug at the same time if the applicant has appropriate manufacturing conditions; if it decides to disapprove the manufacturing, it shall issue a Disapproval Notice with reasons.

Article 28 Where a drug manufacturer or distributor, or a medical and health institution finds any new or serious adverse drug reaction or cluster adverse reaction relating to a specially approved drug for public health emergencies, it shall immediately report the case to the local (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, the health administrative department at the provincial level and the professional institution for adverse drug reactions monitoring.

The professional institution for adverse drug reactions monitoring shall regard drugs specially approved for public health emergencies as critically monitored products, analyze the collected case reports in accordance with the relevant provisions and timely report to the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government and the State Food and Drug Administration.

The State Food and Drug Administration shall reinforce the reevaluation of approved drugs for public health emergencies after they are marketed.


Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

Article 29 The measures for special review and approval of the medical devices for public health emergencies shall be separately formulated by the State Food and Drug Administration with reference to the relevant provisions of the Procedure.

Article 30 The Procedure shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.





济南市人民政府关于废止《济南市行政执法暂行规定》等17件政府规章的决定

山东省济南市人民政府


济南市人民政府关于废止《济南市行政执法暂行规定》等17件政府规章的决定

  《济南市人民政府关于废止〈济南市行政执法暂行规定〉等17件政府规章的决定》已经2010年12月14日市政府第66次常务会议审议通过,现予公布,自公布之日起施行。

市 长 张建国
二O一O年十二月十七日



  根据《山东省人民政府办公厅关于开展规章清理工作的通知》(鲁政办发〔2010〕28号)部署和要求,市政府对现行政府规章进行了全面清理,并决定废止以下规章:
  一、《济南市行政执法暂行规定》
  二、《济南市除四害管理办法》
  三、《济南市盐业管理规定》
  四、《济南市城市冬季清扫冰雪规定》
  五、《济南市户外广告设置张贴管理暂行办法》
  六、《济南市城市房屋评估管理办法》
  七、《济南市污水处理设施监督管理办法》
  八、《济南市行政赔偿若干规定》
  九、《济南市人民政府关于公布市级行政处罚主体(组织)的通告》
  十、《济南市保安服务业管理暂行办法》
  十一、《济南市固定资产投资项目审计办法》
  十二、《济南市人民政府关于禁止焚烧农作物秸秆的通告》
  十三、《济南市游泳场所管理办法》
  十四、《济南市国有资产授权经营办法》
  十五、《济南市企业国有资产产权登记管理办法》
  十六、《济南市建筑工程文明施工若干规定》
  十七、《济南市政务信息公开暂行办法》本决定自公布之日起施行。

  附件:济南市人民政府决定废止的政府规章目录(17件)

 

  

济南市人民政府决定废止的政府规章目录

序号 政府规章名称 实施时间 政府
令号 废止理由
1 《济南市行政执法暂行规定》 1991年10月 33 制定时间较早,许多条款与行政处罚法相悖。废止后实际工作可依据1996年10月制定的《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》。
2 《济南市除四害管理办法》 1992年6月 43 管理对象、管理内容与现实不符。
3 《济南市盐业管理规定》 1993年10月 64 执法主体调整,部分条款与2004年7月制定的《山东省盐业管理条例》相悖。
4 《济南市城市冬季清扫冰雪规定》 1993年12月 67 规定的内容和管理的形式已不符合我市行政管理的实际。
5 《济南市户外广告设置张贴管理暂行办法》 1994年11月 84 废止后,实际工作可依据2010年11月出台的地方性法规《济南市户外广告设置管理条例》。
6 《济南市城市房屋评估管理办法》 1995年3月 85 2005年12月建设部实施的《房地产评估机构管理办法》规定更为详尽。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
7 《济南市污水处理设施监督管理办法》 1995年4月 86 2008年实施的《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》规定更为详尽。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
8 《济南市行政赔偿若干规定》 1996年11月 103 内容与今年4月修订的《国家赔偿法》不一致。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
9 《济南市人民政府关于公布市级行政处罚主体(组织)的通告》 1998年3月 124 在近几次机构改革中,我市行政处罚主体调整较大,《通告》内容与现实不符。
10 《济南市保安服务业管理暂行办法》 1998年3月 127 其内容与今年1月实施的国务院《保安服务管理条例》相悖。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
11 《济南市固定资产投资项目审计办法》 1999年2月 141 其内容与2006年6月修正实施的《审计法》和2010年5月修订实施的《审计法实施条例》相悖。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
12 《济南市人民政府关于禁止焚烧农作物秸秆的通告》 1999年9月 153 2007年,市政府以规范性文件形式印发了《关于严格禁止焚烧农作物秸秆的通告》(济政发〔2007〕33号)。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
13 《济南市游泳场所管理办法》 2000年5月 161 2009年10月实施的国务院《全民健身条例》规定的更为详尽。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
14 《济南市国有资产授权经营办法》 2001年6月 178 2009年5月实施的《企业国有资产法》取消了国有资产授权管理的规定。
15 《济南市企业国有资产产权登记管理办法》 2001年6月 179 2005年1月实施的《企业国有资产产权登记业务办理规则》规定的更为详尽。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
16 《济南市建筑工程文明施工若干规定》 2002年10月 196 2004年2月实施的国务院《建设工程安全生产管理条例》和2007年5月实施的《济南市城市环境卫生管理条例》、2009年1月实施的《济南市扬尘污染防治管理规定》规定的更为详尽。我市的规章废止后,可据此实施管理。
17 《济南市政务信息公开暂行办法》 2004年10月 215 2008年5月实施的国务院《政府信息公开条例》规定的更为详尽。